Paper IX Cosmology and the Nature of Time — Expansion, Matter Creation, and Oscillating Cosmic Cycles

This is Paper IX of the Planck Deformation Unit Space Theory (PDUST) series. It presents preliminary cosmological implications of the framework, including a model of cosmic expansion, the nature of time, and oscillating cosmic cycles. The theory proposes that cosmic expansion originates from the elastic rebound of space from an extreme compression state, with accelerated expansion attributed to the progressive release of inter-unit binding during rebound—without invoking dark energy. The Big Bang is reinterpreted as a local pressure instability rather than a homogeneous singularity. Key contributions include: - Particle formation mechanism: two conditions—local deformation reaching Planck density rho_P (necessary) and configuration acquiring spin (sufficient) - Spin-locking mechanism: explains why particles do not dissipate with cosmic expansion - Oscillating cycle model: Big Bang → expansion → overshoot → contraction → re-compression → Big Bang - Dual nature of time: relative time as perception of motion; absolute time as the objective process of space tending toward equilibrium - Dark energy reinterpreted as residual uniform deformation background This paper is marked as preliminary—a full derivation of modified Friedmann equations, CMB predictions, and numerical simulations of the oscillating cycle are reserved for future work.