Projective Dual-Execution Refinement Systems (p-DERS): Formally Enforcing Safety Governance in Asynchronous Multi-Agent Orchestration

This paper presents the Projective Dual-Execution Refinement System (p-DERS), a decentralized formal verification framework for safety governance in asynchronous multi-agent orchestration. p-DERS decomposes the uncomputable global simulation relation into localized projection spaces governed by projection functions, local simulation relations, and dual-layer invariants. Safety is verified at each node independently using only its observable projection of the global specification. We establish soundness under adversarial asynchronous execution and present a reference runtime architecture separating real-time invariant enforcement from asynchronous cryptographic accountability.