Pyramidal cell types and circuit organization of the mouse insular cortex reveal functional specializations

Supporting data and code related to "Pyramidal cell types and circuit organization of the mouse insular cortex reveal functional specializations" Abstract The insular cortex integrates interoceptive and exteroceptive information to mediate bodily homeostasis, emotion, and learning. However, the cellular and circuit substrates governing insular functions are poorly understood compared to primary cortices. Here, we quantify dendritic morphology together with projections, electrical properties, and/or local inputs of 1,130 mouse insular pyramidal neurons. Neurons are mapped onto a quantitative Nissl-derived model of the insula. Using improved algorithms, we define 21 morphological, 12 electrical, and 9 input neuronal types, some unique to the insula. Several types exhibit elaborate dendrites, reminiscent of primate cortical neurons. Further, morphological properties constrain and often predict inputs, electrical properties, projection targets, or molecular markers. Eight morphological types are differentially distributed between the functionally distinct anterior and posterior insula, facilitating a quantitative demarcation between these subregions. Certain types receive intra-insular excitatory inputs originating far beyond cortical columns, which functionally bridge a long-range thalamus-to-amygdalar circuit linking sensory information to valence behaviorally. Our work establishes a structure-and-function foundation for investigating the insula. Correspondence should be addressed to B.C.J. (email: b.c.jongbloets@uva.nl) and T.M. (email: mao@ohsu.edu). Lead corresponding author:Tianyi Mao, Ph.D.Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, L474Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.mao@ohsu.edu / (503) 494-9286