Data and code for "Mpemba Effects in Quantum Complexity"

The Mpemba effect describes the counterintuitive phenomenon whereby a system initially farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than one initially closer to it. Here, we demonstrate that this behavior extends to quantum resources underlying distinct aspects of quantum complexity. Within the framework of quantum resource theories, we investigate the relaxation of coherence, imaginarity, non-Gaussianity, and magic in random quantum circuits. Starting from resourceful product states, we find a pronounced quantum Mpemba effect for coherence and imaginarity, whereas non-Gaussianity and magic show no such crossing, revealing that the effect depends sensitively on the structure of the resource. Remarkably, however, all four resources display a Pontus–Mpemba effect: an intermediate preheating protocol systematically accelerates their subsequent relaxation compared with direct cooling. Our results establish Mpemba phenomena as a broad feature of nonequilibrium quantum-resource dynamics, extending their scope beyond conventional thermodynamics and symmetry restoration to fundamental measures of quantum complexity.