Visualisation of Water Dynamics in Vein-Inspired Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Neutron Radiography

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are promising clean energy sources, especially for vehicles and stationary power systems. However, their performance is often limited by challenges in managing water and delivering oxygen efficiently. A key component, the gas diffusion layer (GDL), helps distribute gases and remove water, but traditional GDLs often do this unevenly, leading to inconsistent reactions inside the fuel cell. Recent research has shown that adding small holes (perforations) to the GDL can improve the movement of water and gases. Designs with varied (heterogeneous) patterns perform better than uniform ones, but a scalable and effective solution has yet to be established. This study introduces a new approach inspired by nature, specifically the vein patterns found in leaves, which have evolved to move fluids efficiently. A leaf vein-inspired GDL design will be tested using advanced imaging tools such as neutron radiography and thermal-electrical mapping. These techniques can illustrate how water and gases behave in real time inside a working fuel cell. In addition, 3D computer models will simulate fuel cell performance to better understand local and overall reaction behavior. By applying principles from biology to engineering, this research aims to enhance the efficiency, durability, and practical application of clean energy technologies.