Evolution of the solid/liquid interface structure of hybrid nanofluids for high voltage engineering under electric fields

We aim to investigate the evolution of the solid/liquid interface structure in hybrid nanofluids based on transformer oil (TO) under the application of external electric fields. These nanofluids, containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNP) and carbon-based additives such as fullerenes, have shown promise in improving the dielectric and thermal properties of TO for high-voltage engineering applications. Using specular neutron reflectometry (NR), we will study the assembly behavior and adsorption preferences of different nanoparticles at the solid-liquid interface under varying electric field strengths. Preliminary results indicate electric field-driven formation of nanoparticle layers at interfaces, with changes dependent on both field intensity and nanofluid composition. Our proposed work will explore the correlation between interfacial structural evolution and nanoparticle type/concentration in hybrid nanofluids. The findings will deepen understanding of electric field-induced interface phenomena and support the development of advanced insulating and cooling liquids for power transformers.