Modern perspective on the features and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in older men

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant problem among older men, greatly affecting their quality of life. The risk of developing ED increases with age and is associated with various factors, including age-related changes, reduced testosterone levels, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ED. Effective treatment of ED in elderly men requires measures aimed at lifestyle modification (weight loss, smoking cessation, physical activity), pharmacotherapy (phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors), and, when necessary, testosterone replacement therapy. In cases where medication is ineffective, alternative treatments such as vacuum devices or intracavernosal injections may be used. Psychological support also plays an essential role in successful treatment. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes and enhance their quality of life.