Blueberry in the improvement of metabolic syndrome: A literature review

Metabolic syndrome represents a growing public health challenge, associated with factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemias, and low-grade chronic inflammation. This condition substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. In this scenario, dietary strategies based on foods with functional properties, such as those rich in bioactive compounds, have shown promise as preventive and complementary measures. Among these foods, blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) stand out for their unique nutritional profile, characterized by a high concentration of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, as well as vitamins, fiber, and minerals. Consistent clinical evidence indicates that their consumption is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic markers, including endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress parameters, as well as with cognitive and psychophysiological benefits. These effects are primarily attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberries’ bioactive compounds, which act synergistically to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome. This review compiles and discusses the most recent evidence regarding the chemical composition and biological effects of blueberries in mitigating metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors.