The Influence of Digital Technologies on Students’ Cognitive Function and Mental Health

Digital technologies have transformed education and student life by providing unprecedented access to information and flexible learning opportunities. However, their excessive use has also raised concerns regarding knowledge retention and mental health. This paper investigates the ways in which excessive reliance on digital tools contributes to declining critical thinking skills, superficial knowledge acquisition, and increasing psychological difficulties among students. Drawing on international research as well as a survey of Slovak university students, the study highlights the phenomenon of “digital amnesia,” whereby dependence on search engines and digital devices undermines long-term memory retention. Furthermore, it explores links between intensive online activity and symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and decreased concentration. The findings suggest that while digital technologies enhance access to information, they simultaneously undermine deep learning processes. The paper emphasizes the responsibility of educational institutions to foster digital literacy, critical thinking, and mental well-being, ensuring that students use technologies wisely while preserving knowledge and resilience.