PEDIATRIC CARPAL BONE FRACTURES

Pediatric carpal bone fractures are relatively uncommon but can result in significant functional impair-ments if not accurately diagnosed and appropriately managed. These fractures differ from adult pat-terns due to the ongoing ossification process and unique biomechanical properties in children. Epide-miology and Etiology: The most common type is scaphoid fractures, followed by triquetrum and other less frequent carpal fractures, including capitate, hamate, lunate, trapezium, and pisiform fractures. Diagnostic Challenges and Anatomical Considerations: Pediatric carpal fractures present unique diagnostic challenges due to incomplete ossification and differing vascular supply patterns. Advanced imaging techniques such as MRI and CT are often necessary for accurate diagnosis, especially in scaphoid fractures with a high risk of avascular necrosis. Management and Treatment Approaches: This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the classification, treatment options, and complica-tions associated with pediatric carpal fractures. Scaphoid fractures are discussed in detail, including conservative management, surgical fixation techniques, and strategies to prevent complications such as nonunion and avascular necrosis. Other pediatric carpal fractures are also explored with a focus on individualized treatment based on fracture type, location, and patient age. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are crucial for minimizing long-term functional deficits. This chapter aims to enhance clinical understanding and guide evidence-based management of pediatric carpal bone fractures to achieve optimal functional outcomes.