PEDIATRIC HIP FRACTURES

Femoral neck fractures are rare in children and are usually associated with high-energy trauma. How-ever, low-energy trauma may be a precursor to pathological fractures. The growth plates and blood supply characteristics of the proximal femur in children increase the susceptibility to serious compli-cations such as avascular necrosis (AVN) in this region. Femoral neck fractures usually present severe pain, shortening, and external rotation of the affected side. In addition, careful assessment of head trauma, organ injury, and other fractures that may accompany a femoral neck fracture is necessary. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs are the first step in diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide important information, especially if a pathological frac-ture is suspected. The Delbet classification is widely used to describe pediatric femoral neck fractures. This classification is particularly important in predicting the risk of developing AVN. In addition, the AO Classification provides a comprehensive classification for treatment planning by defining pertro-chanteric and subtrochanteric fractures in more detail. Anatomical reduction, stable fixation, and pre-vention of complications are essential. Closed reduction and internal fixation are generally preferred in children. The surgical approach depends on the child’s age and the fracture’s type and stability. K-wires, cannulated screws, or angled plates may be used for stabilization. Although the benefits of early reduction are controversial, it is generally accepted that early and correct intervention reduces complications. The most common complication is avascular necrosis, which is influenced by factors such as patient age, fracture type, time of reduction, and stability. Other complications include Coxa vara, non-union, and early growth plate closure. Early recognition and treatment of avascular necrosis are critical to long-term outcomes. Physiotherapy and restoration of muscle strength are also an im-portant part of the treatment process. In conclusion, the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric femoral neck fractures should be individualized according to the patient’s age and the type of fracture. Regular follow-up is essential for the prevention and management of complications.