NIPPLE SPARING MASTECTOMY

Breast surgery has evolved significantly, reflecting advancements in surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and systematic treatment. Moreover, early diagnosis and a deeper understanding of breast cancer biol-ogy as well as more tailored and custom-made decisions on patients? care led to improved prognosis and better quality of life. From the early days of radical mastectomy to the more refined approaches seen today, the field has progressively moved toward less invasive and more cosmetically favourable procedures. Among these advancements, the development of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) rep-resents a major milestone in breast surgery, balancing oncologic safety with superior aesthetic and psy-chological outcomes. This chapter explores the historical evolution of mastectomy techniques along with the initial challenges and concerns surrounding nipple-sparing mastectomy, the indications, and contraindications as well as detailed surgical techniques and variations, and finally, the outcomes and benefits that popularised and established NSM in modern surgical practice.