AUTOLOGOUS FLAP RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY-LATISSIMUS DORSI FLAP

With the rising rates of mastectomy in recent decades, especially due to advanced imaging, genetic screening, and patient preferences, breast reconstruction has gained increasing importance. Recon-struction is not merely cosmetic but plays a crucial role in restoring body image, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Studies have shown that women who undergo reconstruction report lower levels of anxiety and depression, improved sexual self-image, and better quality of life. Among various reconstruction techniques, the Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flap remains a widely used and reliable autol-ogous option, especially for small to medium-sized breasts, patients with prior abdominal surgeries, or those with insufficient abdominal tissue. The LD flap offers advantages such as consistent vascular anatomy, ease of dissection, and suitability for both primary and secondary reconstructions. Despite its benefits, the LD flap has limitations in cases requiring high volume, or when the thoracodorsal pedicle is compromised. Preoperative assessment of muscle functionality and careful anatomical mapping are essential for surgical success. The technique involves mobilization of the LD muscle (with or without a skin island), transfer through an axillary tunnel, and often the placement of an implant underneath. Postoperative care emphasizes avoiding pressure on the flap and limiting arm movements to preserve flap viability. Complications such as seroma and vascular compromise require careful monitoring and timely intervention. When performed appropriately, LD flap reconstruction offers durable aesthetic and functional outcomes.