HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Pregnancy is accompanied by substantial haematologic adaptations that ensure maternal physiological demands and support fetal development. These physiological changes include increased plasma vol-ume, hemodilutional anemia, leukocytosis, and a shift toward a prothrombotic state. However, despite their adaptive nature, they may predispose some pregnants to complications or obscure the diagnosis of underlying hematological disorders. Among the pathological conditions, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains the most common cause of anemia during gestation, primarily driven by expanded maternal blood volume and heightened fetal nutritional needs. This form of anemia carries consid-erable global health implications due to its association with a wide range of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Beyond iron deficiency, pregnancy may be complicated by other haematologic disorders. Non-hereditary conditions such as aplastic anemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, as well as inherited disorders like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, require tailored multidisciplinary care to ensure favourable maternal and perinatal outcomes. Thrombocytopenia is another common abnormality during gestation, with gestational thrombocytopenia representing the most frequent and typically benign form. Nevertheless, distinguishing it from more severe underlying causes, including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is crucial, as these disorders necessitate timely diagnosis and targeted treatment to avoid maternal and fetal complica-tions. Furthermore, inherited bleeding disorders, particularly von Willebrand disease and haemophilia, pose significant peripartum management challenges due to their associated risk of both antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage. In conclusion, although most hematological alterations during pregnan-cy represent physiological adaptations, the prompt recognition and evidence-based management of pathological disorders remain pivotal to improving maternal safety and optimizing neonatal outcomes. Comprehensive assessment and individualized hemostatic planning are crucial to minimise maternal and neonatal morbidity in these cases.