ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOTA AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

The term human microbiota refers to the various microorganisms that inhabit different sites of the hu-man body. These microbial communities include bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, all of which coexist in complex ecological networks. Human gut microbiota has been found to have a leading role in hosts’ physiological processes, including immune system regulation, metabolism, and energy balance. In particular, the gut microbial ecosystem contributes to nutrient absorption, vitamin synthe-sis, epithelial barrier integrity, and modulation of inflammatory pathways. This interplay leads to the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, indole derivatives, and phenols. These bioactive molecules function as crucial mediators of host–microbiota communication and influence local as well as systemic immune responses.