MASSAGE TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICES IN MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME

Massage therapy is one of the oldest treatment modalities in medicine and is among the most commonly preferred approaches for musculoskeletal problems and pain management. It enhances blood supply, removes toxic metabolites, and helps correct muscle imbalances by promoting restructuring in the fascial region. Its mechanisms of action are multifaceted, encompassing neurological, psychological, physiological, and mechanical pathways. This section provides a detailed discussion of various aspects of massage therapy, including its therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, role in musculoskeletal and pain conditions, as well as its indications and contraindications. When applied following careful patient evaluation to the appropriate patient, under suitable conditions, and with correct technique and methodology massage therapy carries a significant advantage: the risk of complications is notably low. The success of treatment is directly influenced by the type and frequency of the techniques applied, as well as their adaptability to the individual. Frequently used applications such as trigger point therapy, deep tissue massage, myofascial release, Swedish massage, and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization are mentioned here, along with modalities whose clinical efficacy is supported by the literature. It should be emphasized that these applications represent effective, safe, and cost-effective treatment options with high levels of patient satisfaction in pain management. Current evidence indicates that integrating massage therapy into a multidisciplinary treatment plan particularly in combination with exercise and patient education yields more meaningful clinical outcomes. However, the lack of standardized protocols in massage practice, including the absence of consensus on ideal duration, frequency, and pressure, can pose challenges for practitioners. Conducting further studies to address these limitations and establish a common framework will enhance the applicability of this treatment method. In this context, massage interventions should be planned within an evidence-based guideline framework following an individualized patient assessment and should be administered by qualified professionals.