THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MYOFASCIAL PAIN

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a highly prevalent and multifactorial musculoskeletal disorder characterized by localized and referred pain arising from trigger points within muscle tissue. Emerg-ing evidence indicates that MPS is not solely related to mechanical trauma but is also significantly influenced by environmental, behavioral, and systemic factors. In this regard, environmental stressors, lifestyle habits, and metabolic conditions are increasingly recognized as key contributors to both the onset and chronicity of MPS. Chronic stress, poor posture, physical inactivity, and sleep disturbances have been shown to facilitate the development of trigger points and exacerbate MPS-related symptoms. Ergonomic deficiencies and sedentary behavior contribute to sustained muscular tension and circula-tory impairment, particularly in postural muscles. Sleep disorders, which are closely associated with lowered pain thresholds, further promote the chronicity of pain. Additionally, environmental stressors such as noise can elevate muscle tone via reflex pathways, while air pollution may trigger systemic inflammatory responses that increase susceptibility to MPS. Deficiencies in micronutrients particularly vitamins D and B12 have also been linked to heightened trigger point activity, increased pain severity, and impaired quality of life. Current literature highlights that perceiving MPS as a purely localized muscular condition is inadequate. Instead, a comprehensive assessment of environmental and systemic influences is essential. Consequently, the effective management of MPS requires a multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial approach tailored to individual patient needs.