Phytochemical and In Vivo Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Eleutherine palmifolia Ethanolic Extract

Eleutherine palmifolia is a plant known for its active compounds and associated health benefits. This study aimed to assess phytochemical content, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of E. palmifolia ethanolic extract in a mouse model. The phytochemical content was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antinociceptive and inflammatory activities of E. palmifolia extract was evaluated using the formalin-induced pain and carrageenan-induced acute inflammation models, respectively. E. palmifolia extract demonstrated antinociceptive activity at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg, with the highest dose (750 mg/kg) producing a significant reduction in pain response comparable to ibuprofen. Furthermore, the extract reduced paw swelling and decreased hs-CRP levels across all tested doses, highlighting its anti-inflammatory potential. GC-MS analysis confirmed a high phenolic content in the extract, with 1,8-Naphthalenediol, 2,7-diacetyl-3,6-dimethyl (C16H16O4) being the most abundant compound, accounting for 58.23%. Other notable compounds included Propanedinitrile, [(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-, a nitrile derivative; 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, an estrogen-like compound; and N-hexadecanoic acid. E. palmifolia extract, particularly at 750 mg/kg dose, is effective in providing both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice, indicates by reduced pain response, decreased swelling, and diminished hs-CRP level. The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of E. palmifolia are likely attributed to its high phenolic content alongside the other pharmacologically active compounds.