Evaluating the national framework for municipal indigent policies using the 5E policy analysis approach

In 2003, South Africa introduced the National Framework for Municipal Indigent Policies (NFMIP) to alleviate poverty by 2012, but it has failed to meet targets due to implementation challenges, fiscal constraints, and capacity gaps. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the NFMIP by applying the 5E Policy Analysis approach, thereby assessing its effectiveness, efficiency, ethical considerations, equity, and fairness, and establishing actionable recommendations for improvement. The study adopted a qualitative, interpretivist multiple case study approach across three municipalities: metropolitan, district, and local. Purposive sampling was employed, with in-depth interviews conducted among 21 appointed and elected officials and community members from the selected municipalities. Data was analysed using thematic analysis, following the six-phased approach by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings indicate that the NFMIP, in its current form, fails to meet the five essential criteria of policy analysis and is therefore not fit for purpose. This study recommends involving social workers in policy design, implementation, and evaluation; actively engaging community stakeholders; integrating technology for greater efficiency; adopting a targeted, multi-factor approach to indigency; and strengthening policy implementation mechanisms. This study contributes to public policy and administration by employing the 5E Policy Framework to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the NFMIP, thereby facilitating an understanding of policy performance in different municipal categories and informing the development of more effective, efficient, equitable, and ethical practices for serving indigent populations.