Bridging the treatment gap: A scoping review of digital mental health interventions for adolescents in low–middle income countries (2015–2025)

Background: Mental health among adolescents has become a pressing global concern, especially in resource-constrained settings where inadequate services, social stigma, and structural obstacles contribute to significant treatment disparities. While digital mental health solutions offer promising alternatives, their implementation in low- and middle-income countries presents distinct challenges that require thorough assessment. Objective: This review systematically examines digital mental health approaches for youth in developing nations, focusing on program varieties, adoption challenges, enabling factors, and policy implications to enhance program success. Method: Using established scoping review methodology, we conducted a comprehensive search in May 2025 across databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar), employing targeted search strategies related to youth digital mobile health (mHealth) and digital technologies in developing contexts. After screening, 12 qualifying studies were identified from 1,158 publications analyzed using PRISMA-ScR standards (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Results: The findings revealed that: (1) digital tools such as mobile applications and remote counseling, were effective, especially when customized to local contexts and developed with youth involvement; (2) major obstacles included access to technology, low digital skills, and shortage of trained providers; and (3) effective approaches leveraged community health workers and integrated digital and in-person components. The global health crisis both boosted digital adoption and highlighted persistent rural–urban disparities. Conclusion: Digital mental health strategies can transform youth care in developing regions; however, realizing this potential necessitates coordinated efforts to strengthen technological foundations, culturally adapt programs, and train healthcare personnel. Moving forward, initiatives should emphasize collaborative approaches and consistent assessment methods to guarantee fair and lasting benefits.