Analysis of the Pathogenesis and Intervention Strategies of Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Elderly from the Theory of “Kidney Essence Deficiency - Brain Marrow Insufficiency”

Neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly are characterized by complex pathogenesis and slow disease progression. The traditional Chinese medicine theory of “Kidney Essence Deficiency - Brain Marrow Insufficiency” provides a unique perspective for understanding these diseases, considering the decline of kidney essence and malnourishment of brain marrow as the core pathogenesis, which aligns with the mechanisms revealed by modern medicine, such as neuronal energy metabolism disorders, synaptic damage, protein deposition, and cerebral microcirculation disorders. Based on this, traditional Chinese medicine, through multi-dimensional intervention strategies such as tonifying the kidney and replenishing essence, nourishing marrow and strengthening the brain, resolving phlegm and turbidity, and promoting blood circulation and unblocking collaterals, shows potential advantages in improving cognitive function and delaying disease progression. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that related prescriptions have multi-target effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, and promotion of nerve regeneration, and can exert neuroprotective effects through regulating neurotransmitters, enhancing synaptic plasticity, improving cerebral blood flow, and gut-brain axis function. Non-drug therapies such as acupuncture and Tai Chi can also provide more options for comprehensive intervention by regulating brain functional networks and improving mood and motor coordination. However, current research on TCM syndrome differentiation lacks standardization, the quality of clinical trials varies, and the mechanisms of action remain insufficient. Future research should strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration, combining techniques such as neuroimaging, molecular biology, and systems biology to promote the scientific and international development of TCM in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.