Educational Administration: Theory and Practice

The contemporary energy landscape demands innovative solutions to reconcile diesel engine efficiency with stringent environmental regulations. This investigation presents a systematic experimental study of Oxygen Enriched Hydrogen (OEH) gas or HHO Gas supplementation in a compression-ignition engine to simultaneously enhance brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while reducing harmful emissions. A Kirloskar TV1 single-cylinder diesel engine (3.50 kW @ 1500 rpm) was subjected to 27 experimental trials employing a Taguchi L₉(3⁴) orthogonal array design, varying injection timing (19°, 23°, 27° BTDC), inlet pressure (400, 500, 600 bar), fuel temperature (25, 30, 35°C), and cooling flow rate (120, 140, 160 LPH). Grey relational analysis (GRA) synthesized five performance metrics into a unified optimization criterion. Results demonstrate exceptional promise: optimal OEH integration (5 LPM) achieved 28.36% brake thermal efficiency with simultaneous rise in NOₓ (992 ppm, 18.1% increase), CO (0.04% vol, 50% reduction), UBHC (13 ppm, 53.6% reduction), and smoke (2.6% vol, 78% reduction) compared to baseline 100% diesel operation. Statistical analysis confirms parameter significance, with injection timing and inlet pressure emerging as primary efficiency drivers. The multi-objective optimization through grey relational analysis identified optimal parameter combination (27° BTDC injection, 500 bar inlet pressure, 25°C fuel temperature, 140 LPH cooling flow) as delivering superior multi-response performance. This investigation validates OEH technology as a pragmatic pathway toward enhanced environmental performance without sacrificing thermal efficiency, with commercial viability demonstrated through systematic parametric optimization.