Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Adsorbents And Their Utilization For Multifarious Applications

This research presents the development, characterization, and application of novel adsorbent materials based on modified agricultural waste biomass and synthetic composites. Three distinct adsorbent types were synthesized: (1) functionalized rice husk biochar (FRHB), (2) magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposite (MCGN), and (3) hierarchical zeolite-based metal-organic framework (HZMOF). These materials were extensively characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and zeta potential measurements. Adsorption studies revealed exceptional performance for heavy metal removal (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+), organic dye elimination (methylene blue, Congo red), and pharmaceutical contaminant sequestration (diclofenac, ibuprofen). The maximum adsorption capacities reached 245.8 mg/g for Pb2+ (HZMOF), 198.4 mg/g for methylene blue (MCGN), and 156.7 mg/g for diclofenac (FRHB). Kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic investigations confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. The adsorbents demonstrated remarkable reusability over five cycles with minimal capacity loss. This research contributes significantly to sustainable remediation technologies by developing cost-effective, high-performance adsorbents from renewable resources with multifarious environmental applications.