Seguridad y salud ocupacional del trabajador agrícola ecuatoriano ante el cambio climático y la exposición al estrés térmico.

This research analyzes the impacts of climate change and exposure to thermal stress on the occupational safety and health of Ecuadorian agricultural workers, from a comprehensive approach that integrates normative, technical, and preventive dimensions. The study was conducted under a critical socio-legal epistemology, with a qualitative approach and an exploratory-descriptive level, using the systematic literature review method. The documentary analysis technique was applied, covering scientific sources, national and international regulations, constitutional jurisprudence, and specialized literature on occupational risks and climate adaptation. The results reveal that working conditions in the agricultural sector are being significantly transformed by the climate context, intensifying thermal, biological, and psychosocial risks. The urgent need to adapt the workday through rotating shifts and climate-smart scheduling was identified, along with complementary strategies such as training on the recognition of thermal stress symptoms, provision of personal protective equipment, environmental monitoring, and improvement of rural infrastructure. The importance of involving social actors is also emphasized, recognizing inequalities among vulnerable groups (women, older adults, Indigenous peoples, and informal workers). The study concludes that ensuring the occupational safety and health of Ecuadorian agricultural workers in the face of climate change requires an intersectional and adaptive approach, grounded in current legal frameworks and in coordinated action among the State (Ministries of Labor and Public Health), employers, workers, and the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute. Only through a holistic approach will it be possible to build labor resilience and sustainability in the rural sector.