Factores climáticos y sanitarios que afectan la producción de leche en vacas Jersey en Matagalpa, Nicaragua, 2024

Dairy production in Nicaragua represents an important economic sector, with the Jersey breed valued for the quality of its milk. However, various factors such as cattle management, animal health, and climatic issues can influence its productive performance. This study was conducted at the Alejandría farm in Matagalpa from September to October 2024. The objective was to identify the main climatic and sanitary factors that affect milk production in Jersey females. A sample of 25 cows from a total population of 43 on the farm was studied. The study methodology included regular visits to the farm for direct observation of management, feeding, and health conditions, as well as daily field data recording. Climatological data were collected, and milk samples were analyzed to determine urea and mastitis concentrations. The results showed that the majority of the Jersey herd had a healthy weight, and the farm is well managed with vaccination, veterinary treatment, and deworming. Regarding animal health problems in the herd, hoof problems were identified as the main health factor affecting Jersey cattle, a result of the region's climate. Urea and mastitis tests determined adequate protein levels in the cattle's diet. Mastitis tests were negative in the cows studied. This study is expected to provide valuable information for optimizing Jersey herd management and improving dairy productivity in Matagalpa and in Nicaragua.