Factores de influencia en la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en personas con VIH-SIDA atendidos en la consulta externa del hospital escuela Dr. Antonio Lenin Fonseca, Managua, Nicaragua; 2022

The purpose of this research has been to determine the factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral treatment in people with HIV-AIDS attended at the outpatient clinic of the Dr. Antonio Lenin Fonseca National Hospital, Managua, Nicaragua; 2022. For this purpose, an analytical case-control study was conducted, retrospective and cross-sectional. The universe and sample of the investigation were 65 cases and 130 controls, for a total of 195 patients attended, the group of cases were non-adherent patients and the group of controls were patients adherent to the treatment, and two adherent patients were established for each non-adherent patient. A data collection form was used as an instrument, with multiple choice questions including the following variables: age, sex, origin, marital status, occupation, income level, schooling, overcrowding, adverse reactions, treatment time and risk practices. The results of the study show that for the case group, who were the adherent individuals, age 40 or older was found to be 50.76%, 67.68% male, 63% overcrowding, 40% secondary education, 34.45% gastrointestinal reactions. Being under 40 years of age had a positive influence on adherence to treatment (OR: 0.23, P: 0.007); likewise, having no or low level of education (OR: 6.30, P: 0.000) and unmarried marital status (OR: 6.98, P: 0.000) had a negative influence on adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Positive factors influencing adherence is age less than 40 years. Negative factors for adherence failure were single marital status and no or low level of education.