Technologies and practices for steering modern societies through disinformation: implications for the Republic of Moldova

The article analyzes disinformation as a strategic instrument of influence and control over modern societies in the context of new geopolitical and informational realities. It examines the evolution of the concept of disinformation from both theoretical and practical perspectives, emphasizing that it represents a sophisticated mechanism that employs digital technologies, social networks, and cognitive vulnerabilities to manipulate public perception and undermine democratic stability. The study pays special attention to the case of the Republic of Moldova, highlighting internal and external factors that facilitate the spread of hybrid campaigns, including dependence on external media sources, social polarization, and institutional weaknesses. It also discusses the measures adopted by national authorities to counter disinformation and strengthen informational resilience, as well as cooperation with external partners. The main conclusion of the study is that disinformation should be regarded as a complex strategic threat requiring an integrated approach based on media literacy, digital regulation, and institutional cooperation.