Modern Anti-Corruption Policy in the USA, EU, and Ukraine: Medico-Pharmaceutical Law as the Basic of Forensic Pharmaceutical and Criminal Research on the Exclusion of Criminal Actions in Healthcare Institutions

The article considers the problem of corruption as a systemic phenomenon in the field of health care and the pharmaceutical sector in the context of European and national challenges. Estimates of economic losses from corruption in the EU countries are given, as well as the level of its perception among the population and businesses is analyzed. It is determined that corruption has a multi-level nature and manifests itself both in open forms (bribery, abuse of power) and in hidden practices (conflict of interest, favoritism, "revolving doors"), in the processes of public procurement of medicines. The need to shift the emphasis from the detection of offenses to their prevention through the introduction of comprehensive preventive measures has been substantiated. It is proposed to strengthen the role of educational and scientific institutions in the formation of legal awareness of medical and pharmaceutical workers, to integrate anti-corruption topics into continuous professional development programs, as well as to expand interdepartmental cooperation between public administration and control bodies. It is shown that the implementation of EU and US anti-corruption standards in the legislation of Ukraine, as well as the implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy for 2026–2030, create preconditions for reducing the level of corruption, increasing the transparency of the healthcare system, and restoring public trust in the medical and pharmaceutical sector.