Postoperative Pain: Overview, Risks, Trajectories, Multimodality, Prospects, Role of Artificial Intelligence (Part 1)

The article provides an overview of modern ideas about postoperative pain syndrome as one of the most common problems in surgical practice. The scale of surgical interventions in the world, their connection with the prevalence of acute and chronic pain, as well as the shortcomings of traditional approaches to pain relief are considered. The results of clinical studies on the frequency and intensity of postoperative pain, the effectiveness of analgesics and patient satisfaction with treatment were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to a multimodal approach based on evidence-based medicine and pharmacy, which combines pharmacotherapy, physical rehabilitation, psychological support, and other methods. The clinical and social consequences of insufficient pain control, risk factors for the development of chronic postoperative pain, including genetic, psychological, and comorbid factors, were highlighted. Methods for assessing pain, trajectories of its course, quality criteria for medical and pharmaceutical care and administrative aspects of management are presented. The need for further research in the field of chronic pain prevention, improvement of treatment standards and implementation of patient-centered programs aimed at improving the quality of life and patient safety was emphasized. These prospects can be effectively combined with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in postoperative pain management.