Presence of cardiac implantable electronic devices is associated with increased risk of perioperative complications following shoulder arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) increasingly present for elective orthopedic procedures. In this study we evaluate peri-operative complications associated with CIED presence using a large multicenter database. METHODS: Retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the TriNetX database. Adults undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) between 2005 and 2025 were identified and stratified by CIED status. Four propensity score-matched (1:1) analyses were conducted: all TSA patients with versus without CIEDs, (2) patients with cardiac disease with CIED versus without CIEDs, and patients with recent device implantation (6 months before TSA). Matching balanced demographic factors and comorbidities. Outcomes included 90-day and 2-year complications. Relative risks, 95% CIs, and P-values were calculated using chi-square and t-tests; significance was set at P