The effect of isokinetic strength training on rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a scoping review

Objective: This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the effects of isokinetic strength training on knee joint muscle strength, functional recovery, and proprioception in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, in order to provide an evidence-based foundation for the clinical application of this training method. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across multiple Chinese and English databases up to June 2025. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of isokinetic strength training on rehabilitation outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the studies using the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 11 moderate to high-quality randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The analysis showed that, compared to control groups that received only conventional rehabilitation, the experimental groups that added isokinetic strength training demonstrated a more significant advantage in improving the peak torque of the affected knee's flexor and extensor muscles, enhancing the hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratio, increasing Lysholm and IKDC knee function scores, and improving balance and proprioception. Conclusion: Isokinetic strength training is a safe and effective rehabilitation method after ACL reconstruction. Integrating it into conventional rehabilitation programs can more effectively promote the recovery of knee joint muscle strength, dynamic stability, and neuromuscular control, making it an effective strategy to help patients successfully return to sports.