Fetal Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita as a Cause of Dystocia in a 3-Year-Old Balami Ewe

This paper presents a case of dystocia due to Fetal Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita in a three-year-old Balami Ewe. The case was presented to Senator Ali Sheriff Veterinary Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State by a client who noticed unproductive labor for approximately three (3) hours after rupture of the water bag. Physical examination of the Ewe revealed presence of fetal head and thorax in anterior longitudinal presentation with extended forelimbs hanging through the vulva, however, the hind limb was lodged in the birth canal. A pedal and suckling reflexes were observed in the lamb and obstetrical examination revealed a tail and flexed hocks impacted within the birth canal. There was adequate pelvic dimension and spacing that allowed per-vaginum manoeuvring and traction for relieve of the dystocia. A live fetus was delivered although characterized with ankylosed joints of the hind limb, deformed lumbo-sacral vertebral column, kyphosis of the thoracic spines with very poor gait when the lamb attempts to stand. In addition, the dam was weak and required support in order to stand. Supportive therapy involved intravenous infusion of 5% Dextrose saline (500mL) and intramuscular injection of Diclofenac sodium given at 2.5mg/kg body weight. Oxytocin (10I.U) was administered intramuscularly to facilitate uterine involution and reduced post-parturient hemorrhage. The fetus was placed on colostrum obtained from the dam but died within 24 hours of birth; however, the supportive therapy was continued for the dam for 3 days’ post-partum. Follow-up assessments showed that the Ewe has regained a stable condition with no signs of retained fetal membranes, septicemia or metritis. The client was advised to avoid rebreeding the ewe and to use rams with proven reproductive histories for further breeding and genetic control