Prebiotics and Postbiotics: The synergistic potential in regulating the gut microbiota and host health

Using prebiotics, probiotics and their synergistic combination to perform therapeutic operations on intestinal microflora has become a potential way to prevent and control chronic metabolic diseases and inflammatory diseases. Indigestible prebiotics (selectively stimulating beneficial bacteria, and post-production elements (effective metabolites or components formed by microbial activities) will all help to reshape the intestinal environment and adjust the immune response and metabolic status of the host. This account brings together the latest research on various compounds, including inulin, arabinoxylan oligosaccharide, muramyl dipeptide, extracellular vesicle and plant-derived polysaccharide, all of which show that these substances can promote SCFA to strengthen the integrity of intestinal barrier and regulate inflammation. The synbiotic method of combining prebiotics and probiotics or the products produced by these interactions have an amplification effect on regulating microbial communities and host pathways. After summarizing their action mechanisms and applications, the transformation potential of implementing nutritional strategies for microorganisms is highlighted.