Blockchain Applications and Developments in Supply Chain Management Across Multiple Industries: A Comprehensive Review

This paper provides a systematic review of blockchain technology applications and development trends in supply chain management, covering multiple industries including shipping, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, cement manufacturing, and perfume production. The study first classifies and analyzes mainstream approaches from a technical perspective, encompassing blockchain-based traceability technologies, anti-counterfeiting and authentication mechanisms, distributed data sharing models, and real-time monitoring solutions integrating blockchain with the Internet of Things. Subsequently, analysis of datasets and experimental results from multiple empirical cases reveals blockchain's significant advantages in enhancing supply chain transparency, traceability, security, and collaborative efficiency. However, its implementation still faces challenges including high system deployment and maintenance costs, data privacy protection and compliance issues, insufficient multi-party collaboration and standardization, and complexities in cross-technology integration. Looking ahead, with progress in international standardization efforts, advancements in privacy protection technologies, and the proliferation of Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) platforms, blockchain is poised for broader implementation across supply chain scenarios. This evolution will provide robust support for global industrial digitalization and sustainable development.