Research and Analysis of Research on Automated Segmentation of Microaneurysms in Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications of diabetes, which requires early diagnosis to delay the progression of the disease. As the earliest visible pathological marker of DR, microaneurysm (MA) is of great clinical significance for its precise automatic segmentation. This article systematically reviews the current research progress of MA segmentation technology, focusing on the key challenges in clinical application, such as the small size, low contrast and morphological heterogeneity of MA. On this basis, Ozan Oktay proposed an AG U-Net model that combines an attention mechanism with morphological prior knowledge. By introducing the attention gate control module and dynamic sample weighting strategy, the model significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of segmentation. Experimental results show that the model achieves an excellent dice coefficient of 0.78 on the public data set, which is better than the existing mainstream method while maintaining a high reasoning speed, indicating the promising clinical transformation potential.