Advanced Control Methods for Integrating Three-Port Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper presents a comprehensive study of advanced control methods for three-port converters (TPCs) used in electric vehicle (EV) energy management systems. The three-port converter integrates the battery pack, photovoltaic (PV) source, and EV drive load into a single power conversion stage, thereby reducing component count and improving overall system efficiency. A dual-loop control strategy combining proportional-integral (PI) voltage regulation with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the PV port is proposed. The mathematical model of the TPC is derived using state-space averaging, and small-signal analysis is conducted to validate controller stability margins. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy achieves battery voltage regulation within 0.5%, PV maximum power utilization above 98.2%, and peak system efficiency of 96.1% under dynamic load conditions representative of realistic EV driving cycles.