Advances and Challenges of Wearable EEG Technology in Home-Based Sleep Monitoring

Sleep is essential for human health and well-being. Although the traditional sleep polysomnography (PSG) monitoring is the clinical gold standard for sleep assessment, its operation is complex and costly, so it is not suitable for long-term home use. Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising alternative, providing a new way to facilitate continuous sleep monitoring. This study focuses on the latest advances in wearable EEG devices for sleep monitoring, with a particular focus on headband, in-ear, and flexible forehead patch systems, including evaluating their design principles, balance between user comfort and signal quality, and performance in sleep staging technology compared to PSG. At the same time, not only the ongoing challenges of reducing signal artifacts and accurately detecting light sleep layers were discussed, but also the important advantages of wearable EEG in supporting personalized health tracking and longitudinal sleep studies. Finally, the study envisions the revolutionary potential of wearable EEG in popularizing sleep health management, including the use of artificial intelligence and cloud computing to optimize data processing to improve accuracy, and the positive shift from passive observation to active sleep intervention.