Comprehensive Effectiveness Evaluation and Research Design for Smart Microgrids Empowering Low-Carbon Transformation of Plateau Homestays

Addressing challenges such as high costs and unclear carbon reduction pathways faced by the plateau homestay industry during energy structure transformation, this study designs an integrated research framework combining physical simulation and causal inference. First, a review of domestic and international practices reveals that while microgrid technology has entered the intelligent decision-making phase, systematic research targeting plateau homestays as a specific application remains insufficient. This scheme establishes a dual-model framework: First, a technical-economic model employs k-means clustering to process typical daily loads, then utilizes mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to optimize multi-energy complementary systems (photovoltaic-storage-fuel) at the hourly granularity, aiming to achieve an optimal balance between life-cycle cost (LCOE) and energy self-sufficiency rate. Second, an econometric model employs a two-way fixed-effects regression based on panel data, incorporating instrumental variables and PSM-DID models to identify the causal impact of microgrid investments on homestay operating profits and per-guest-night carbon emissions. This study aims to fill the quantitative research gap in green development for plateau tourism, providing a scientific pathway for achieving ecotourism driven by "new quality productive forces."