Unveiling Behavioral Types of Nonverbal Immediacy: A Hybrid Approach Using EFA and LCA
Abstract
This study, based on a large-scale survey of over 130,000 respondents, explored the structural and behavioral diversity captured by the Nonverbal Immediacy Scale (NIS). We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reveal the underlying dimensions of nonverbal behavior and combined it with latent class analysis (LCA) to group individuals. Overall, the analyses revealed a multifactor structure and identified three behavioral profiles that differentiate communication tendencies. The latent classes differed in demographic characteristics, particularly gender and education level. Combining dimensional and categorical analysis, this study provides new insights into inter-individual differences in nonverbal immediacy within a large population.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Communication in Education and Healthcare
Health
Education
and Physical Culture
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Mathematical Modeling and Algorithm Application
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 536–544
- Publication date
- 15 March 2026
- Language
- EN