Techno-economic Analysis of Biomass-Based Carbon Capture and Storage—"Negative Emissions"

To address global climate change and achieve the temperature control goals of the Paris Agreement, "negative emission technologies" that actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere have become an indispensable strategic pillar, alongside deep emission reductions. Among them, biomass-based carbon capture and storage technology is highly anticipated in many climate governance pathways due to its ability to combine biomass energy utilization with carbon removal. However, there is a huge gap between its ambitious emission reduction potential and slow commercial deployment, with the core bottleneck being the dual challenges of technology and economy. This article focuses on the core issue of "technical economy" in Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) for research. By studying the full chain technology system model of BECCS, the technical characteristics and cost composition of each link from biomass supply chain, conversion and capture path, to CO ₂ transportation and storage were finely analyzed. This technology innovatively introduces a "negative emissions" value mechanism, which can comprehensively evaluate its economic feasibility, and through sensitivity analysis, identify the birth material price, carbon price, and energy penalty mechanism as key cost driving factors.