The role and practices of German educational enterprises and their enlightments for the development of industry-education integrated enterprises in China

Industryeducation integrated enterprises are among the key organizational forms and practical carriers through which China implements its industryeducation integration strategy at the micro level. Their development outcomes directly reflect the degree to which policy objectives are being achieved and the effectiveness of their implementation. From an international perspective, German educational enterprises represent a paradigmatic model of deep engagement in vocational education. The historical and cultural legacy that shaped the evolution of these enterprises, together with the legal confirmation of their principal behaviors, firmly grounds the role positioning of core actors. By directly investing in comprehensive, unified, and high-quality industryeducation resource elements, these enterprises effectively fulfill their principal responsibilities. At the same time, they form collaborative mechanisms with multiple stakeholdersincluding governments at various levels and industry associationsthereby enhancing the capacity and effectiveness of educational enterprise actors. Drawing on the practical experience of German educational enterprises, Chinas development of industryeducation integrated enterprises should focus on the following: establishing a sound institutional framework to clarify enterprises principal responsibilities; promoting unified allocation and increased direct investment of enterprise industryeducation resources; strengthening the supervisory and guiding roles of vocational education program committees to safeguard the quality of talent cultivation; building precise incentive mechanisms that encourage enterprise participation; and enhancing value guidance related to social responsibility to deepen enterprises internalized recognition of their roles.