From Mutations to Medicine: Precision Editing with CRISPR/Cas9

Genetic mutation is a genetic mutation that can be inherited at the DNA level. It is not only the genetic basis of species evolution, but also the core trigger of a variety of diseases (such as genetic diseases, cancer, etc.). In recent years, the birth and development of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has provided a revolutionary tool for accurately and efficiently correcting pathogenic gene mutations. This paper first systematically explains the types of genetic mutations. Secondly, the molecular structure, working principle and application progress of CRISPR/Cas9 system in diseases are analyzed in detail. Finally, this article deeply discusses the scientific challenges such as the off-target effect, delivery system, editing efficiency, immunogenicity, etc. faced by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as the profound ethical and social controversy caused by it. In the future, through AI-assisted optimisation, multi-group integration and other technological upgrades, combined with the improvement of global ethical governance guidelines, CRISPR/Cas9 technology will play a greater role in disease treatment and other fields, providing more efficient solutions to deal with problems related to genetic mutations.