Research Progress on the Structure and Optimization Design of Microchannel Heat Exchangers

Electronic chips are becoming more and more integrated, so the heat they produce is getting much denser, and effectively dissipating heat has become a key technical problem that limits the performance and reliability of electronic devices; microchannel heat sinks are a revolutionary cooling technology, and because they have the advantages of compact structure and high heat transfer efficiency, they have become a research focus for cooling high-power electronic devices, this paper systematically explains the working principle of microchannel heat sinks, analyzes the key factors affecting their performance including the characteristics of working fluids, the geometric parameters of microchannels and material selection, on this basis, it details the methods to improve the performance of microchannel heat sinks through innovative structural design, working fluid optimization and integrated design, finally, it looks forward to the future research directions and development trends of microchannel heat sinks including multi-functional integration, the application of new materials and intelligent design, and this review aims to provide a theoretical reference for the further research and technological innovation of microchannel heat sinks.