A Review of Optimization Technologies on the Power Generation Side in Low-Carbon Power Systems

This study, grounded in the context of the "Dual Carbon" goals, focuses on the decarbonization of power generation sector within the power system. From the three dimensions of power supply structure optimization, unit operational regulation, and intelligent scheduling, it systematically reviews key technologies and optimization approaches for the generation side in low-carbon power systems. The paper highlights the challenges posed by the high grid integration of renewables, explores the application of operational characteristics of low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture power plants in generation forecasting and scheduling, and provides an outlook on future research directions. Low-carbon optimization on the generation side represents a core pathway for driving the power system toward achieving the "Dual Carbon" goals. To realize this transition, coordinated efforts across multiple dimensions are necessary, including establishing a green power supply structure, adopting flexible operational modes, implementing incentive-based market mechanisms, and fostering integrated technological innovation. In terms of power supply structure, the portion of power supplied by wind and solar should be significantly increased, while the scale of coal-fired power should be rationally controlled and its transformation toward cleaner and more flexible operation promoted. Regarding operational modes, it is essential to enhance the system's regulatory capacity and promote the efficient utilization of renewable energy through multi-timescale scheduling optimization. At the market mechanism level, a coupling mechanism between carbon trading and electricity markets should be established and improved, along with ancillary service markets and green power trading systems, to guide low-carbon power investments and optimize resource allocation through economic incentives. In the realm of technological innovation, future efforts should focus on advancing the large-scale application of carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies, accelerating the development of system flexibility enhancement technologies such as electrochemical energy storage and hydrogen energy, and ultimately building new-type power system that is secure, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable through multidimensional systematic advancement.