Design and Development Research (DDR) Approach in STEM Project: Augmented Reality Module to Improve the Quality of Education for Rural Students in Malaysia

This article describes the development of a STEM project, namely the Augmented Reality module, aimed at improving the quality of Science education for rural students in Malaysia. This study employs the Design and Development Research (DDR) method consisting of three phases: needs analysis, development and design, and evaluation. Each phase follows a systematic process, including the need analysis process, the Fuzzy Delphi Technique, expert validation, and evaluation through the effectiveness of the module on rural students in Malaysia. This study adopts a quantitative development approach. With a focus on applying STEM education through Augmented Reality (AR) to improve achievement in the subject of science, this study also seeks to improve the quality of education and reduce inequalities for rural students in Malaysia. The findings demonstrate that this AR module allows students to directly view interactive 3D models through mobile devices or tablets, allowing science concepts that are difficult to understand theoretically to be comprehended more easily through visual and contextual means. Technological learning through AR provides a fun and interactive learning experience compared to traditional methods for rural students in Malaysia. Rural students who may have limited exposure to advanced technology are likely to be more excited and motivated to learn through AR, thereby improving their achievement and understanding in Science. This project aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education and SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities for rural students.