Heavy Metal Content in Cosmetic Products and their Health Risk Assessment in the Libyan Market

This study aimed to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) in cosmetic products available on the Libyan market due to their potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure. Ten cosmetic samples, including face creams and lipsticks, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Zinc was detected in all samples at concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 2.69 ppm and was the most abundant metal, likely attributable to its intentional use as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations. Lead concentrations ranged from