Clinical, Surgical Characteristics, Pharmacotherapy Patterns, and Outcomes among Inpatients at Zawia Hospital

Background: Providing efficient healthcare and guaranteeing patient safety in tertiary care settings requires an understanding of inpatient clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and drug trends. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical, surgical, pharmacological, and demographic features of inpatients at Zawia Hospital in Libya between August and November 2025 and to determine how these features affected patient outcomes. Methods and Methods: 150 adult inpatient records from Zawia Hospital were used in a retrospective observational study. Demographics, comorbidities, surgical type, number of medications, antibiotic use, length of stay, polypharmacy (defined as concurrent use of ≥5 drugs), and ultimate outcomes were all included in the data. Python (SciPy) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the cohort, 40% were between the ages of 40 and 59, and 54.7% were men. Patients were split equally between the surgical and medical departments. 63.3% of patients had comorbidities. With a 13.3% complication rate, 40% of surgical patients (n = 75) had emergency procedures. Of all patients, 63.3% received antibiotics, and 40% had polypharmacy. While the mortality rate was 5.3%, the majority of patients (88%) were released. 46.7% of the patients spent less than five days in the hospital. Conclusion, Zawia Hospital has a substantial clinical burden due to high rates of comorbidities, antibiotic use, and polypharmacy. In order to maximise the quality and safety of inpatient care, better preoperative risk assessment, improved medication reconciliation, and greater antimicrobial stewardship are necessary, even if the majority of patients were successfully discharged.