Occupational Radiation Exposure and Health Effects Among Medical Imaging Staff in Benghazi, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study, 2026

Background: Medical imaging staff are at risk of occupational radiation exposure, which can lead to serious health effects if proper protective measures are not implemented. This study evaluates radiation protection practices, availability of protective equipment, training, and self-reported health effects among medical imaging personnel in Benghazi, Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical imaging staff (radiologists, radiologic technologists, and nurses) working in public and private hospitals, diagnostic centers, and clinics in Benghazi, Libya, from January to February 2026. Data were collected using an online structured questionnaire (Google Forms) containing 24 questions covering demographics, protective equipment availability and use, dosimeter availability, radiation safety training, work-related symptoms, diagnosed health conditions, challenges, and priorities for improvement. The questionnaire was shared via social media platforms commonly used by medical imaging staff. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages).Results: Most participants were aged 25–34 years (62%), with 55% female and 45% male. The majority worked in government hospitals (70%). Basic protective equipment was unavailable for 55% of participants, and only 28% had access to lead aprons. Personal dosimeters were absent for 78% of staff. Only 17% reported receiving regular annual safety training. Despite the lack of formal training, 46% of participants rated their personal knowledge as 'good,' 39% as 'moderate,' and 15% as 'poor'; 85% rated workplace protective measures as insufficient. Common symptoms included persistent fatigue (46%), hair loss (41%), headaches (38%), and vision problems (34%). Diagnosed conditions included anemia (19%), thyroid disorders (10%), and cataracts (5%). Major barriers included lack of equipment (65%), no dosimeters (58%), high workload (50%), and lack of accountability (40%).Conclusion: There are serious deficiencies in radiation safety infrastructure, training, and health surveillance among medical imaging staff in Benghazi. These gaps are associated with a high prevalence of radiation-related symptoms and conditions. Urgent, multi-level interventions are required to protect this essential healthcare workforce.