Comparison of cesarean section rates and Robson Group 5 proportions before and after non clinical intervention (focus group discussion) at Jombang District Hospital

Introduction: Global cesarean section (CS) rates continue rising without corresponding maternal/neonatal mortality reductions. WHO recommends 10-15% ideal rates, yet Indonesia reports 17.6% (Riskesdas 2018) to 36% (BPJS 2019). Jombang District Hospital showed 38.9% CS rate in 2023, predominantly Robson Group 5 (16.9%). Objective: To compare CS rates and Robson Group 5 proportions before and after interventions at Jombang District Hospital in 2024, and evaluate management changes for women with prior CS history. Methods: Quasi-experimental study compared a pre-intervention period (January-June 2024: n=1,341) and a post-intervention period (July-December 2024: n=1,142) across a total of 2,483 deliveries. Hospital delivery records were analyzed utilizing the Robson classification. Chi-square tests assessed differences in CS proportions with a significance level of p