Energy system integration of Dynamic Power to Gas systems with 3 Phase Methanation for effective sector coupling

This work aims to develop an integrated energy system for analysing sector coupling in de-central energy systems. To achieve this, a dynamic numerical model of the de-central energy system has been developed with the aim of integrating different renewable energy sources and consumption sectors, including buildings, mobility and industry. The numerical model includes several components from the electricity, gas and heating sectors. Some of these components have already been described in the literature. Of the required numerical components, one that is of particular importance but missing from the existing literature is the three-phase methanation reactor (3-PM). Therefore, a dynamic numerical model of the 3-PM process was developed using the axial dispersion method. Thermodynamic and mathematical adaptations were made to ensure compatibility of the model with other models in the energy system. In addition to methanation, this work addresses the modelling and grouping of buildings. This is achieved by first developing standard load profiles for different building types. The standard load profiles are then integrated with different heating systems into building energy systems to enable flexible variation of building types, heating systems and energy sources. The newly modelled numerical components, together with existing components from the literature like the electrical, gas and district heating networks, various forms of storage and control systems, were then integrated into a comprehensive energy system. In order to address the issue of spatio-temporal complexity in this overall energy system, a co-simulation interface was developed to couple dynamic system models with high-resolution gas, power and district heating networks. The overall energy system was then simulated under a series of prospective energy scenarios, including those in which gases such as SNG and hydrogen assume a more prominent role or those where a significant proportion of electrification becomes a more likely outcome. This was complemented by location-specific parameter studies to evaluate the efficacy of molecule-based storage strategies and compare them to purely electrical approaches. The results highlight the critical importance of molecule-based storage and sector coupling strategies and compare them to purely electrical approaches specific to a de-central energy system. Furthermore, the sector coupling tool developed in this work offers customisation capabilities to simulate future de-central energy systems effectively under different energy scenarios.